[ effect of problem solving skills training on severity of depression symptoms in postpartum period]

Postpartum depression is a problematic and major disease, with the average prevalence of 13 percent, if not diagnosed and treated may be complicated. Problem solving skills training is one of simple treatments that could be trained in health centers. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of problem solving skills training on severity of depressive symptoms in postpartum women. This clinical trial was performed [during Jan 2009-Jun 2010] on 54 women after delivery from health centers of 2[nd] and 3[rd] zones of Mashhad. Women who fulfilled inclusion criteria and got the score of 10 or above on Edinburgh Scale and got score of 14 to 28 on Beck Depression Inventory and their depression was confirmed by clinical psychologist, were randomly allocated to two groups of intervention [n=26] and control [n=28]. In the intervention group, problem-solving skills were educated during six sessions of 45-50 minutes. In both groups, again, Beck Depression Inventory was completed in 9 weeks after delivery. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis in SPSS software. The finding showed that severity of depressive symptoms are significantly different at 9 weeks postpartum between two groups [P=0.000]. The mean difference of severity of depressive symptoms are significantly different between two groups in the beginning of research and 9 weeks after delivery [P=0.000]. Depressive symptoms were decreased about 77.6% in problem solving skills group comparing 23.5% in control group. Based on this study, problem-solving skills training is an effective method in reducing the severity of depressive symptoms. Therefore it is recommended that problem-solving skills training could be used as one of the mental health strategies in health centers

comparison of face to face and video-based education on attitude related to diet and fluids: adherence in hemodialysis patients

Adherence to diet and fluids is the cornerstone of patients undergoing hemodialysis. By informing hemodialysis patients we can help them have a proper diet and reduce mortality and complications of toxins. Face to face education is one of the most common methods of training in health care system. But advantages of video- based education are being simple and cost-effective, although this method is virtual. Seventy-five hemodialysis patients were divided randomly into face to face and video-based education groups. A training manual was designed based on Orem's self-care model. Content of training manual was same in both the groups. In the face to face group, 2 educational sessions were accomplished during dialysis with a 1-week time interval. In the video-based education group, a produced film, separated to 2 episodes was presented during dialysis with a 1-week time interval. An Attitude questionnaire was completed as a pretest and at the end of weeks 2 and 4. SPSS software version 11.5 was used for analysis. Attitudes about fluid and diet adherence at the end of weeks 2 and 4 are not significantly different in face to face or video-based education groups. The patients' attitude had a significant difference in face to face group between the 3 study phases [pre-, 2, and 4 weeks postintervention]. The same results were obtained in 3 phases of video-based education group. Our findings showed that video-based education could be as effective as face to face method. It is recommended that more investment be devoted to video-based education.

[Relationship between delivery method and postpartum depression]

Introduction: Postpartum depression is a prevalent disorder with different etiologies, among them mode of delivery. The present study was conducted to determine relationship between mode of delivery and depression in women at 2 and 8 weeks postpartum

Materials and Methods: In this prospective analytic study [2007-2008], a total of 420 women visited at health centers in Amol city who met inclusion criteria were recruited through non-probability sampling and filled the questionnaire of Edinburgh postpartum scale [EPDS] during the third trimester of pregnancy. Women who had EPDS score>12 were excluded. Three hundred cases were followed 2 and 8 weeks postpartum and completed questionnaires on demographics, delivery, postpartum, and infant characteristics and Edinburgh postpartum depression scale. Data were analyzed using by SPSS software, chi-square, T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Linear regression

Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in their education, occupation, economic status, and wanted/unwanted pregnancy, satisfaction from husband and family support. At 2[nd] week postpartum, prevalence of postpartum depression was 10.3% and there was no significant difference between 2 groups. At 8[th] week postpartum the prevalence of depression was 13% and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the mean score of postpartum depression at 2[nd], 8[th] weeks

Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of postpartum depression, the screening, recognition and assessment of this disorder is important. Health care providers should consider educating women during pregnancy and postpartum

effect of early post cesarean feeding on women's satisfaction

Satisfaction and postoperative care of women who undergo cesarean secaon is an important aspect and demand due attention. Hunger and thirst are frequently encountered after cesarean delivery. These increase distressing symptom and unsatisfaction. The aim of this paper was to detect the effect of early post cesarean feeding on mothers' satisfaction. This study was a controlled trial. The research population was women delivering by cesarean section in Ommolbanin hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The samples consist of 82 women randomly assigned in two groups of study and control. The study group started oral fluids 4 hours after surgery, followed by regular diet after return of bowel sounds. The control group started oral fluids 12 hours after surgery and solid food was allowed after defecation. The groups were compared about satisfaction rate before discharge with VAS scale. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Fisher exact test, Kruskal walis test, t test and Mann Whitney. The mean of women's satisfaction was 96.2 in early feed group and 56.7 in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups [p=0.000]. This study showed that early feeding increases women's satisfaction. It is a safe, easy and enforceable intervention that can be usual in surgical units

Multiple large cherry angiomas after exposure to sulfur mustard gas in Iranian veterans in Iraq-Iran war: a historical cohort study

Sulfur mustard [SM] is a blistering agent which has been used as a chemical warfare agent in many wars since 1917. It has been used several times by Iraqi forces during Iraq Iran war [1980-88]. Lungs, skin and eyes are the three major targets affected by SM. We had observed an increased number of cherry angiomas, benign vascular tumors, in Iranian veterans after exposure to SM, so we decided to assess number and size of cherry angiomas in Iranian veterans several years after exposure to SM. In this historical cohort study, 99 veterans exposed to SM were compared to 52 non-exposed individuals. Participants were examined for number and maximum size of cheny angiomas and the findings were compared between the two groups. All participants were male. The age range in case group was from 30 to 60 years [mean +/- SD: 42.7 +/- 7.6] and in control group was from 30 to 65 years [mean +/- SD: 39.9 +/- 9.9]. In case group, number of angiomas and maximum size of them were significantly greater than those in control group [P=0.001 and P=0.0001; respectively]. There was a direct correlation between number of angiomas and maximum size of them in case group [P=0.0001]. Most of lesions were located in trunk and upper extremities. SM seemed to be responsible for the presence of multiple cherry angiomas in veterans several years after exposure. Maximum size of angiomas in veterans was significantly greater than those were observed in non-exposed individuals

descriptive study on patients with pityriasis rosea admitted to dermatology clinic at Qaem | Hospital, Mashhad [2000-2002]

Pityriasis rosea [PR] is a transient skin disease with a distinct appearance that is prevalent throughout the world and is more frequently seen in winter. Despite the reported epidemiological evidence, which account for an infective agent, this has not been proved, yet. This study was designed to determine the epidemiological features of PR in terms of age, gender, seasonal, and clinical features. In this survery, age, gender, time of referring, history of common cold, herald patch location, itching, as well as clinical manifestations among 251 patients with PR referred to dermatology clinic of Qaem Hospital in Mashhad from October 2001 to March 2003 were studied. The female/ male ratio was 2.07/1. The largest breakout was observed among patients aged between 15-30 years. The majority of them referred in autumn [32.9%] in October [14.7%], and November [11.5%]. 17.9% of patients complained of itching and 7.6% of patients had purpuric PR lesions. One-hundred and forty-six [58.2%] patients complained of a history of common cold two months prior to admission and the percentage of patients with common cold was 65.8% in fall and 64.2% in winter. Because of a large breakout of disease in winter and a high rate of common cold in cold seasons, more research still is needed to prove the infective etiological factor, particularly viral factors